{
  "title": "Royal cars by country, 176 entries, November 2026",
  "note": "One entry is one make and model in one monarchy, with one source. Source no. is the number in the Sources list below. An entry shows what the source said at its date, not proof the car is in service today.",
  "rows": [
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Togg T10X (2023)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Gift from President Erdogan to Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, who drove it at Qasr Al Watan",
      "source": "Gulf Today, 2023",
      "ref": 23
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Aurus",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Waiting for Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed at the Kremlin, January 2026",
      "source": "TASS, 2026",
      "ref": 24
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Nissan Patrol",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Reported as the car in which Sheikh Mohamed has often driven visiting leaders",
      "source": "Bao Nghe An, 2025",
      "ref": 26
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Nissan Patrol Black Spider, stretched, six wheels",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamad bin Hamdan Al Nahyan’s car",
      "source": "GTspirit, 2010",
      "ref": 151
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Land Rover Defender Octa (2025)",
      "power": "Mild hybrid",
      "use": "Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Ruler of Dubai, on plate Dubai 1",
      "source": "Man of Many, 2025",
      "ref": 14
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz G63 AMG (2013)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Mohammed drove President Sisi around Dubai in 2015",
      "source": "Al Ghad TV, 2015",
      "ref": 13
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz G 500 (2013)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Reportedly used by Sheikh Mohammed for hunting. Offered at auction in 2025",
      "source": "RM Sotheby’s, 2025",
      "ref": 15
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz G 55 AMG (2008)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Reportedly used by Sheikh Mohammed. Offered at auction in 2025",
      "source": "RM Sotheby’s, 2025",
      "ref": 152
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-AMG G63",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamdan, Crown Prince of Dubai, towed a truck out of the sand in 2017",
      "source": "Nine News, 2017",
      "ref": 17
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Tesla",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamdan posted pictures of himself driving it in 2017",
      "source": "Khaleej Times, 2017",
      "ref": 20
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman, 12 or 14 units (1968)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Ordered by Sheikh Zayed, founder of the UAE, as courtesy cars",
      "source": "The National, 2011",
      "ref": 32
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom V, chassis 5VE15 (1965)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Delivered to Sheikh Shakhbut in 1966, then used by Sheikh Zayed",
      "source": "Khaleej Times, 2020",
      "ref": 35
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Chrysler",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Driven by Sheikh Zayed, in old film",
      "source": "The National, 2018",
      "ref": 33
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Land Rover Series 2",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Photographed with Sheikh Zayed outside Qasr Al Hosn in the early 1960s",
      "source": "The National, 2021",
      "ref": 36
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Range Rover, replica (1976)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Rebuilt by the Al Ain Classic Car Museum to match Sheikh Zayed’s hunting car",
      "source": "Gulf News, 2022",
      "ref": 38
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Aston Martin Lagonda",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Listed among Sheikh Zayed’s cars by the author of a book on them",
      "source": "Al Bayan, 2019",
      "ref": 37
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz Pullman limousine (1969)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "The Ruler of Sharjah’s car, at the Sharjah Classic Cars Museum",
      "source": "UAE National Cultural Map",
      "ref": 28
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W126), 7 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamad bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, the Rainbow Sheikh. One colour each, early 1990s",
      "source": "The Times of India, 2026",
      "ref": 29
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Dodge Power Wagon, giant replica",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamad’s Emirates National Auto Museum. With bedrooms and a bathroom",
      "source": "The Sandy Times, 2024",
      "ref": 31
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Hummer H1, giant replica",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Sheikh Hamad’s Emirates National Auto Museum. 21 feet tall",
      "source": "The Sandy Times, 2024",
      "ref": 31
    },
    {
      "country": "UAE",
      "car": "Bugatti Veyron, 5 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Said to be in the collection of Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed",
      "source": "South China Morning Post, 2020",
      "ref": 27
    },
    {
      "country": "Andorra",
      "car": "Renault Espace",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Car of the French co-prince in the procession of his 2019 visit",
      "source": "All Andorra, 2019",
      "ref": 133
    },
    {
      "country": "Bahrain",
      "car": "Aurus limousine (2024)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Gift from President Putin to King Hamad. Led the royal motorcade in Manama in September 2025",
      "source": "RT Arabic, 2025",
      "ref": 49
    },
    {
      "country": "Bahrain",
      "car": "Buick (1932)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Given to Sheikh Isa bin Salman, at the National Museum of Bahrain",
      "source": "Alamy",
      "ref": 147
    },
    {
      "country": "Belgium",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 580 e, armoured, plate 1",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Official visits and longer journeys",
      "source": "Gazet van Antwerpen, 2024",
      "ref": 81
    },
    {
      "country": "Belgium",
      "car": "Land Rover Range Rover hybrid",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "The King’s weekday trips between Laken and Brussels",
      "source": "Gazet van Antwerpen, 2024",
      "ref": 81
    },
    {
      "country": "Belgium",
      "car": "Land Rover hybrid, smaller model",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Queen Mathilde",
      "source": "Gazet van Antwerpen, 2024",
      "ref": 81
    },
    {
      "country": "Belgium",
      "car": "Fiat 500, white",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Queen Paola’s own car, reported in 2009",
      "source": "VRT NWS, 2009",
      "ref": 153
    },
    {
      "country": "Bhutan",
      "car": "Toyota Hilux, 2 units",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Army-green convoy of the Fourth King, who abdicated in 2006",
      "source": "The Bhutanese, 2025",
      "ref": 100
    },
    {
      "country": "Bhutan",
      "car": "Nissan Leaf, 2 units (2014)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Given to the Kingdom of Bhutan to mark the King’s birthday",
      "source": "Nissan, 2014",
      "ref": 101
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce, open-top",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Royal wedding procession, January 2024",
      "source": "Associated Press, 2024",
      "ref": 136
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "BMW limousine",
      "power": "",
      "use": "The Sultan drove Malaysia’s prime minister about 41 km in 2022",
      "source": "Malay Mail, 2022",
      "ref": 86
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "Ferrari F50",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the collection of the Sultan and Prince Jefri in the 1990s",
      "source": "The Drive, 2017",
      "ref": 122
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "McLaren F1 GTR Longtail",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the collection in the 1990s",
      "source": "The Drive, 2017",
      "ref": 122
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "Jaguar XJ220, at least 7 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the collection in the 1990s",
      "source": "The Drive, 2017",
      "ref": 122
    },
    {
      "country": "Brunei",
      "car": "Porsche 959, 5 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the collection in the 1990s",
      "source": "The Drive, 2017",
      "ref": 122
    },
    {
      "country": "Cambodia",
      "car": "Hongqi, 12 units (2024)",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Motorcade of 12 given by China for the 20th coronation anniversary",
      "source": "Khmer Times, 2024",
      "ref": 53
    },
    {
      "country": "Cambodia",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz convertible",
      "power": "",
      "use": "The King’s lap of the palace square during his 2004 coronation celebrations",
      "source": "Phnom Penh Post, 2004",
      "ref": 137
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith, Store Krone (1958)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Flagship. Carries the royal couple and visiting heads of state",
      "source": "Kongehuset (Danish Royal House)",
      "ref": 114
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "car": "Daimler Limousine, Krone 1 (1989)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Newest Daimler in the fleet. 1989 demonstrator bought in 1994",
      "source": "Kongehuset (Danish Royal House)",
      "ref": 114
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "car": "Volkswagen ID.3 Pro S, Krone 18 (2021)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Practical errands between Amalienborg and Fredensborg",
      "source": "Kongehuset (Danish Royal House)",
      "ref": 114
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "car": "Audi A8 L 60 TFSI e quattro, Krone 9 and 10, 2 units (2021)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Daily limousines for the family and court",
      "source": "Kongehuset (Danish Royal House)",
      "ref": 114
    },
    {
      "country": "Denmark",
      "car": "Tesla Model S Signature (2013)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Reported as on order for Crown Prince Frederik, now King, in 2013",
      "source": "FDM, 2013",
      "ref": 156
    },
    {
      "country": "Eswatini",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce, 19 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Fleet for the King and his family, reported in 2019",
      "source": "RFI, 2019",
      "ref": 120
    },
    {
      "country": "Eswatini",
      "car": "BMW, 120 units",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Fleet for the King and his family, reported in 2019",
      "source": "RFI, 2019",
      "ref": 120
    },
    {
      "country": "Eswatini",
      "car": "BMW 5 Series, 10 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Bought for the King’s wives, reported in 2005",
      "source": "BBC News, 2005",
      "ref": 144
    },
    {
      "country": "Japan",
      "car": "Toyota Century Royal (2006)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Eight-seat limousine for the Diet opening, the national memorial service and state guests. Introduced 2006",
      "source": "Imperial Household Agency",
      "ref": 115
    },
    {
      "country": "Japan",
      "car": "Toyota Century sedan, 4 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Four listed in 2006 beside five limousines",
      "source": "Jiji Press, 2006",
      "ref": 134
    },
    {
      "country": "Japan",
      "car": "Toyota Century convertible (2019)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Built for the 2019 enthronement parade",
      "source": "AZERTAC, 2019",
      "ref": 85
    },
    {
      "country": "Japan",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce (1990)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "One listed among the imperial cars in 2006",
      "source": "Jiji Press, 2006",
      "ref": 134
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 300D (1961)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Collected King Salman from Marka airport in 2017. Royal Automobile Museum car",
      "source": "Al Arabiya, 2017",
      "ref": 128
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Land Rover red jeeps",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Motorcade of the crown prince’s wedding, 2023",
      "source": "PBS NewsHour (AP), 2023",
      "ref": 140
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Land Rover Range Rover, white, open-top (1984)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Crown prince’s wedding, June 2023",
      "source": "The National, 2023",
      "ref": 141
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Porsche Carrera GT (2003)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Abdullah II is known to drive it around Amman",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "BMW",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Crown Prince Hussein drove Narendra Modi in December 2025",
      "source": "NDTV, 2025",
      "ref": 89
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman (1975)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Hussein’s car. Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Gullwing (1955)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Raced by King Hussein. Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Rover P2 (1952)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Hussein’s first car. Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Amphicar",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Hussein took it out on the Gulf of Aqaba. Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Tatra T97 (1937)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Porsche 904 GTS",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Raced by King Hussein. Traded in the 1970s",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Jordan",
      "car": "Opel rally car",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Abdullah II’s desert rally wins of 1986 and 1988. Royal Automobile Museum",
      "source": "The New Arab, 2023",
      "ref": 127
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Togg T10X (2025)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Gift from President Erdogan to Emir Sheikh Mishal at Bayan Palace",
      "source": "Daily Sabah, 2025",
      "ref": 45
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Chrysler Imperial (1956)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad’s car, shown restored at the Kuwait historic car museum in 2010",
      "source": "Al Jarida, 2010",
      "ref": 65
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom V limousine (1960)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad’s car, shown in 2011",
      "source": "Al Rai, 2011",
      "ref": 66
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad’s car, shown in 2010",
      "source": "Al Jarida, 2010",
      "ref": 65
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Cadillac Fleetwood (1962)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem’s car, shown in 2011",
      "source": "Al Rai, 2011",
      "ref": 66
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Continental (1962)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem’s car, shown in 2011. Al Rai calls it a Ford",
      "source": "Al Rai, 2011",
      "ref": 66
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (1956)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Commissioned by the Emir of Kuwait in 1955. Now at Torre Loizaga in Spain",
      "source": "Torre Loizaga museum",
      "ref": 67
    },
    {
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "car": "Minerva",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "First car used in Kuwait, imported by Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah",
      "source": "Kuwait Times, 2019",
      "ref": 68
    },
    {
      "country": "Liechtenstein",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz saloon",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Prince Hans-Adam II’s state car on plate FL 1, photographed in 2018",
      "source": "Wikimedia Commons, 2018",
      "ref": 104
    },
    {
      "country": "Liechtenstein",
      "car": "Audi",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Prince Max’s car, reported in 2009",
      "source": "The Times, 2009",
      "ref": 148
    },
    {
      "country": "Luxembourg",
      "car": "Daimler DS 420, plate 1 (1971)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Still used at some state visits. State car of Grand Duke Jean from 1971 to 1988",
      "source": "Luxemburger Wort, 2025",
      "ref": 130
    },
    {
      "country": "Luxembourg",
      "car": "Audi A8",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Seen with Grand Duke Henri.",
      "source": "Luxemburger Wort, 2025",
      "ref": 130
    },
    {
      "country": "Luxembourg",
      "car": "Tesla Model S",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Grand Duke Henri’s private car, according to Tageblatt.",
      "source": "Luxemburger Wort, 2025",
      "ref": 130
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Aurus Senat (2026)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Delivery to the King reported in May 2026, after his Moscow visit",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Hongqi L5 (Guoli) (2024)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Among the King’s special vehicles, May 2026",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Genesis G90, long wheelbase",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Among the King’s special vehicles, May 2026",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom VI",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Among the King’s special vehicles, May 2026",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Lincoln Town Car, stretched",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Among the King’s special vehicles, May 2026",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Among the King’s special vehicles, May 2026. A number of them",
      "source": "paultan.org, 2026",
      "ref": 52
    },
    {
      "country": "Monaco",
      "car": "Lexus LS 600h L Landaulet (2011)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "One-off car for the wedding of 2 July 2011",
      "source": "Lexus UK Media Site, 2011",
      "ref": 117
    },
    {
      "country": "Monaco",
      "car": "Lexus LS 600h (2011)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Lexus named as the Prince’s official car brand in 2011",
      "source": "Motor Authority, 2011",
      "ref": 83
    },
    {
      "country": "Morocco",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600 SEL",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "The King’s vintage car, lent to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex in 2019",
      "source": "Nine.com.au, 2019",
      "ref": 142
    },
    {
      "country": "Morocco",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman Landaulet",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Mohammed VI at Eid prayers, May 2026",
      "source": "Autojosh, 2026",
      "ref": 92
    },
    {
      "country": "Morocco",
      "car": "Carlsson Mercedes",
      "power": "",
      "use": "King Mohammed VI drove himself through Rabat in 2000",
      "source": "TIME, 2000",
      "ref": 90
    },
    {
      "country": "Morocco",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Camargue, Sbarro conversion (1977)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Built for King Hassan II’s falconry",
      "source": "Jeune Afrique, 2022",
      "ref": 93
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "car": "Audi A8 hybrid (2025)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Service car of the King since May 2025, replacing a diesel",
      "source": "Het Koninklijk Huis (Dutch Royal House), 2025",
      "ref": 82
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "car": "Audi stretched hybrid (2022)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Service car of Queen Máxima and Princess Beatrix since 2022",
      "source": "Het Koninklijk Huis (Dutch Royal House), 2025",
      "ref": 82
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "car": "Cadillac stretched limousine (2010)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Available to foreign heads of state",
      "source": "Het Koninklijk Huis (Dutch Royal House), 2025",
      "ref": 82
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "car": "Volvo",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Official court cars since 1998, with Audi",
      "source": "Het Koninklijk Huis (Dutch Royal House), 2025",
      "ref": 82
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Buick Roadmaster, A-1 (1939)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Last used in 1991",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Cadillac Superior Royal, A-2 (1997)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the royal fleet in 2016",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Audi A8 L, A-2 (2015)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the royal fleet in 2016",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Binz Limousine, A-3 and A-7, 2 units (2012)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "In the royal fleet in 2016",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Packard A-4 (1942)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Ceremonial audiences for ambassadors. Restored in 2024, back in use from 2025",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Lincoln Continental, A-5 (1966)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Wedding car of 1968 and 2001. Still used at official occasions in 2016",
      "source": "Det kongelige hoff (Norwegian Royal House), 2016",
      "ref": 113
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz EQS 580 4MATIC, A-8",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Carries members of the royal family",
      "source": "Norsk elbilforening, 2023",
      "ref": 108
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "BMW i7, A-6 (2022)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Carries members of the royal family. Delivered December 2022",
      "source": "Norsk elbilforening, 2023",
      "ref": 108
    },
    {
      "country": "Norway",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz EQV, A-10",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Van, official assignments",
      "source": "Norsk elbilforening, 2023",
      "ref": 108
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom VI (1977)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Used by Sultan Qaboos at Sandhurst in 1983. Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Oman Observer, 2024",
      "ref": 56
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Range Rover (1979)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sultan Qaboos’s tours of the country. Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Atheer, 2024",
      "ref": 57
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Wiesmann GT MF5",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Hand-built for Sultan Qaboos. Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Atheer, 2024",
      "ref": 57
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Ferrari 550 Maranello (2001)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Atheer, 2024",
      "ref": 57
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Pagani Huayra Roadster (2019)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Oman Ministry of Information",
      "ref": 55
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Tesla Model X (2017)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Al Sahwa, 2024",
      "ref": 58
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Daimler Majestic (1923)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Al Sahwa, 2024",
      "ref": 58
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Gullwing (1954)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Oman Ministry of Information",
      "ref": 55
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Bentley 4¼ Litre (1939)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Al Sahwa, 2024",
      "ref": 58
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Audi A8 L, armoured (2012)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Al Sahwa, 2024",
      "ref": 58
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Koenigsegg Regera",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum",
      "source": "Al Sahwa, 2024",
      "ref": 58
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Morgan (1957)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal Cars Museum, shown at the Oman Across Ages Museum in 2025",
      "source": "Oman Observer, 2025",
      "ref": 146
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Range Rover L322 V8 (2006)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sultan Qaboos’s car, according to the UK dealer offering it in 2026",
      "source": "Harry Alexander Classics, 2026",
      "ref": 60
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Aston Martin V8 Vantage (1981)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Ordered new by Sultan Qaboos. Offered at auction in 2023",
      "source": "Silodrome, 2023",
      "ref": 59
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Land Rover 110",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Carried Sultan Qaboos’s casket in January 2020",
      "source": "Jalopnik, 2020",
      "ref": 61
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Bentley Bentayga",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Sultan Haitham reported at the wheel in Salalah, 2026",
      "source": "Lovin Muscat, 2026",
      "ref": 62
    },
    {
      "country": "Oman",
      "car": "Togg (2025)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Gift from President Erdogan to Sultan Haitham at Al Alam Palace",
      "source": "Yeni Şafak, 2025",
      "ref": 46
    },
    {
      "country": "Qatar",
      "car": "Bentley Mulsanne Grand Limousine",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Centre of the Emir’s convoy on a Monaco holiday, 2016",
      "source": "autoevolution, 2016",
      "ref": 139
    },
    {
      "country": "Qatar",
      "car": "Togg, 2 units (2023)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Gift from President Erdogan to Emir Sheikh Tamim",
      "source": "Amiri Diwan of Qatar, 2023",
      "ref": 42
    },
    {
      "country": "Qatar",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 600 (1970)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Sheikh Khalifa Al Thani’s bulletproof car. Used for Queen Elizabeth II’s 1979 visit",
      "source": "National Museum of Qatar",
      "ref": 72
    },
    {
      "country": "Qatar",
      "car": "Bentley Bentayga",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Emir Sheikh Tamim drove Saudi Arabia’s then crown prince, Mohammed bin Nayef, in 2016",
      "source": "ArabGT, 2016",
      "ref": 73
    },
    {
      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz S600, 2 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Two flown to Indonesia for the King’s visit of March 2017",
      "source": "The Straits Times, 2017",
      "ref": 138
    },
    {
      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
      "car": "Togg, 2 units (2023)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Gift from President Erdogan to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman",
      "source": "The National, 2023",
      "ref": 40
    },
    {
      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Gift from Winston Churchill to King Abdulaziz, who passed it to his brother",
      "source": "Al Yaum, 2022",
      "ref": 69
    },
    {
      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
      "car": "Cadillac (1953)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Red car of King Abdulaziz. Two earlier Cadillacs are also listed",
      "source": "Saudipedia, 2026",
      "ref": 70
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom IV, 3 units (1952)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Three bought in 1952, held by Patrimonio Nacional. National Day 2022",
      "source": "El Español, 2022",
      "ref": 129
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Mercedes-Maybach S600 Guard (2019)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Official car of the King and Queen, armoured. Bought in mid-2019",
      "source": "Car and Driver España, 2021",
      "ref": 118
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz S 600, armoured, 6 units",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Earlier armoured cars in the royal household pool, registered 1999 to 2008",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Toyota Prius Hybrid, 17 units (2019)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Ford Mondeo Hybrid, 2 units (2018)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Ford Focus, 3 units (2007)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Alfa Romeo 166 (2003)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz Vito Tourer 114 CDI, 2 units (2020)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Nissan Pathfinder (2006)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 413CDI van (2003)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 416CDI minibus, 2 units (2003)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Renault ZOE (2018)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Renault Master van (2003)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Citroën C8 20HDI (2009)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Iveco CC150E23 bus (2002)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Peugeot 407 Sport HDI, 3 units (2009)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Spain",
      "car": "Peugeot 607 V6, armoured (2001)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Royal household pool car, 2020 list",
      "source": "El Orden Mundial, 2020",
      "ref": 110
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Daimler DE27 Limousine (1950)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Oldest car in the Royal Stables. Used on special occasions",
      "source": "Kungliga slotten (Royal Court of Sweden)",
      "ref": 112
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five Limousine (1969)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Takes ambassadors home after audiences",
      "source": "Kungliga slotten (Royal Court of Sweden)",
      "ref": 112
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Volvo",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Modern representative cars",
      "source": "Kungliga slotten (Royal Court of Sweden)",
      "ref": 112
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Volkswagen",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Modern representative cars",
      "source": "Kungliga slotten (Royal Court of Sweden)",
      "ref": 112
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Audi",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Modern representative cars",
      "source": "Kungliga slotten (Royal Court of Sweden)",
      "ref": 112
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "BMW M8 Competition (2020)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Private car of the King",
      "source": "Carup, 2023",
      "ref": 111
    },
    {
      "country": "Sweden",
      "car": "Ferrari 599 GTB (2007)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Private car of the King",
      "source": "Carup, 2023",
      "ref": 111
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce stretch limousine",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Carried Queen Suthida and Prince Dipangkorn in Bangkok, October 2020",
      "source": "Malay Mail (Reuters), 2020",
      "ref": 135
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Lạc Hồng (2026)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Carried King Vajiralongkorn and Queen Suthida in Hanoi",
      "source": "Dân trí, 2026",
      "ref": 97
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Maybach 62",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Bhumibol’s usual car, reported in 2016",
      "source": "VnExpress, 2016",
      "ref": 95
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom VI",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Used by King Bhumibol, reported in 2016",
      "source": "VnExpress, 2016",
      "ref": 95
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Daimler DE36 Landaulette",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Bhumibol’s first official car, returned to use under King Vajiralongkorn",
      "source": "Carro Thailand, 2019",
      "ref": 149
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz 450 SEL 6.9",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Wedding gift from King Bhumibol to the future King Vajiralongkorn",
      "source": "Carro Thailand, 2019",
      "ref": 149
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Fiat Topolino",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Bought by the young King Bhumibol in Switzerland",
      "source": "Motor Expo",
      "ref": 94
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Delahaye 135M",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "King Bhumibol’s red convertible",
      "source": "Motor Expo",
      "ref": 94
    },
    {
      "country": "Thailand",
      "car": "Mini Cooper S R53, red",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Princess Bajrakitiyabha drove herself in it",
      "source": "Thairath, 2026",
      "ref": 155
    },
    {
      "country": "Tonga",
      "car": "Humber Pullman landaulet (1949)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Used at the coronations of Tupou IV and Tupou V",
      "source": "Monocle, 2016",
      "ref": 143
    },
    {
      "country": "Tonga",
      "car": "London taxi, 2 units",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "King George Tupou V’s personal cars. One converted to electric, charged by a windmill",
      "source": "The Telegraph, 2012",
      "ref": 98
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Bentley State Limousine, 2 units (2002)",
      "power": "Ethanol conversion",
      "use": "Primary and secondary state cars, armoured. Built for the 2002 Golden Jubilee. One converted to ethanol, the second scheduled for 2025-26",
      "source": "Countryfile Magazine, 2026",
      "ref": 75
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (1950)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "State car, kept at the Royal Mews. Bought before the 1952 accession",
      "source": "The Guardian, 2023",
      "ref": 74
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Phantom VI (1977)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "State car, the primary state car until 2002. Used at Trooping the Colour 2025",
      "source": "Countryfile Magazine, 2026",
      "ref": 75
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Rolls-Royce Cullinan Series II",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Coronation gift from the King of Bahrain, for official occasions",
      "source": "BBC News, 2025",
      "ref": 50
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid (2015)",
      "power": "Hybrid",
      "use": "State royal review vehicle for standing passengers",
      "source": "Countryfile Magazine, 2026",
      "ref": 75
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Jaguar XJ limousine, 2 units (2012)",
      "power": "Petrol or diesel",
      "use": "Semi-state car, carries registration plates",
      "source": "Countryfile Magazine, 2026",
      "ref": 75
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Land Rover Range Rover, 3 units (2022)",
      "power": "",
      "use": "Semi-state car, carries registration plates",
      "source": "Countryfile Magazine, 2026",
      "ref": 75
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "BMW i7 M70 xDrive (2025)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Seen on the way to church at Sandringham",
      "source": "Regit, 2025",
      "ref": 78
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Lotus Eletre (2026)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Seen on the way to church in Norfolk",
      "source": "Hello!, 2026",
      "ref": 79
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Audi e-tron",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "The King seen driving",
      "source": "autoevolution, 2023",
      "ref": 80
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "car": "Aston Martin DB6 Volante (1970)",
      "power": "Ethanol conversion",
      "use": "Personal car, 21st birthday gift. Converted in 2008",
      "source": "The Guardian, 2023",
      "ref": 74
    },
    {
      "country": "Vatican City",
      "car": "Mercedes-Benz G 580 Popemobile (2024)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Papal public appearances. Handed over to Pope Francis in December 2024",
      "source": "Mercedes-Benz Group, 2024",
      "ref": 84
    },
    {
      "country": "Vatican City",
      "car": "Garia electric model customised by Exelentia, 2 units (2025)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Two air-transportable vehicles for papal travel, delivered July 2025",
      "source": "EWTN News, 2025",
      "ref": 131
    },
    {
      "country": "Vatican City",
      "car": "Fiat Topolino and TRIS, 30 units (2026)",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "Governorate staff fleet. 30 promised, first 20 delivered by June 2026",
      "source": "Stellantis Media, 2026",
      "ref": 132
    },
    {
      "country": "Vatican City",
      "car": "Volkswagen",
      "power": "Electric",
      "use": "State fleet renewal on medium and long-term rental. Deal of 2023",
      "source": "EWTN News, 2023",
      "ref": 109
    },
    {
      "country": "Vatican City",
      "car": "Škoda",
      "power": "",
      "use": "State fleet renewal on medium and long-term rental. Deal of 2023",
      "source": "EWTN News, 2023",
      "ref": 109
    }
  ]
}